REVIEW ON MAGNESIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN BIOMEDICAL FIELDS
Keywords:
Magnesium Oxide, Nanoparticles, Antibacterial, Dental Implantation, Tissue EngineeringAbstract
Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles have gained considerable attention in recent years due to their unique physicochemical properties and wide-ranging biomedical applications. Typically ranging from 6–130 nm in size, MgO nanoparticles exhibit high surface reactivity, strong catalytic performance, excellent adsorption capacity, and notable antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. These properties make them suitable for diverse applications, including biosensors, medical imaging, cancer detection, tissue engineering, bone repair, and antibacterial materials. In magnesium-based orthopaedic composites, MgO nanoparticles act as effective reinforcements, enhancing mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and bioactivity through mechanisms such as load transfer, grain refinement, and improved phase interactions. Additionally, MgO nanoparticles promote the formation of protective Mg (OH)₂ and calcium–phosphate layers in simulated body fluid, supporting improved osseointegration. Green synthesis approaches further improve the sustainability and biocompatibility of MgO nanoparticles, offering eco-friendly and cost-effective alternatives to conventional production methods.
Despite their promising therapeutic potential, challenges such as rapid magnesium degradation, possible cytotoxicity, uneven nanoparticle distribution, and limited in vivo and clinical data remain. Comprehensive biological evaluations and standardized studies are essential to ensure safety and optimize clinical performance. Overall, MgO nanoparticles represent highly promising, multifunctional nanomaterials with significant potential for future biomedical and industrial applications.
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