"JUDICIAL AND LEGISLATIVE MEASURES FOR COW WELFARE IN INDIA: AN ANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVE ON NON-HUMAN RIGHTS"

Abstract

This research paper explores the legal and judicial frameworks established for the protection and welfare of cows in India, examining their recognition as non-human entities with specific rights and protections. Cows have held a unique cultural, religious, and ethical significance in Indian society, which has historically influenced the formulation of laws aimed at their preservation. The study critically analyzes central and state-level legislation, including bans on cow slaughter, regulations governing dairy and cattle management, and policies promoting welfare and ethical treatment. Alongside legislative measures, the paper evaluates the role of the judiciary in interpreting and enforcing these laws through landmark judgments, highlighting the balance courts strive to maintain between societal beliefs, constitutional mandates, and animal welfare principles. The research also considers the contributions of civil society organizations, animal welfare NGOs, and local enforcement bodies in implementing these protections effectively. By examining the challenges, gaps, and contemporary debates surrounding cow welfare, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the complexities involved in safeguarding non-human rights in India. The paper ultimately proposes policy recommendations and strategic reforms aimed at strengthening legal safeguards, ensuring ethical treatment, and fostering a more structured and effective system for cow protection, reflecting India’s commitment to the welfare of non-human beings.