THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE IN EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTORS (ETCS)
Abstract
The inherent intermittency of solar radiation necessitates the integration of robust Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems to ensure a continuous energy supply. Evacuated Tube Collectors (ETCs) represent a high-efficiency solar thermal technology capable of operating at medium-to-high temperatures due to minimized convective heat losses. This review provides an exhaustive analysis of the integration of TES within ETCs, transitioning from conventional Sensible Thermal Energy Storage (STES) to advanced Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES) using Phase Change Materials (PCMs). We examine the thermophysical properties of storage media, heat transfer enhancement techniques—including the use of fins, metal foams, and nanofluids—and the thermodynamic evaluation of these systems through energy and exergy lenses. The paper synthesizes findings from over 50 seminal and recent studies to outline the current state-of-the-art, economic viability, and future research trajectories in solar thermal harvesting.
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