STUDY OF SOCIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION IN INDIA

Abstract

Education in India is a multifaceted domain influenced by its rich historical traditions and diverse socio-cultural landscape. This paper delves into the sociological dimensions of Indian education, tracing its evolution from ancient holistic learning systems, through medieval centers of intellectual exchange, to the introduction of Western education during the colonial era. It examines key sociological theories, including functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism, to understand education's role in societal stability, inequality perpetuation, and identity formation.

Social stratification, particularly caste and gender disparities, critically impacts educational access and outcomes. Despite legislative measures like the Right to Education Act (2009), significant challenges persist in implementation, infrastructure, and educational quality, especially in rural and marginalized communities. The paper highlights the crucial contributions of non-governmental organizations and civil society in addressing these gaps..

The paper concludes by emphasizing the necessity for collaborative efforts from policymakers, educators, and communities to address educational inequalities, ensuring access to quality education and fostering inclusive development in India.